OPT (Optional Practical Training)
OPT, or Optional Practical Training, is temporary work permission for F-1 students to gain experience directly related to their field of study, for up to 12 months per higher degree level. Most students use it after graduation.
How it works
Your school's designated school official recommends OPT in SEVIS, then you file Form I-765 with USCIS. For post-completion OPT, you can apply up to 90 days before your program ends and up to 60 days after. You cannot start work until you have the EAD card and the start date arrives.
You can have up to 90 days of unemployment during post-completion OPT. Graduates in eligible fields can extend for 24 more months with STEM OPT.
2026 note: a rule that would replace "duration of status" with fixed admission dates was blocked nationwide on September 14, 2026. See F-1 fixed admission period and our OPT guide.
Frequently asked questions
Can I do OPT twice?
Yes, once per higher degree level, for example after a bachelor's and again after a master's.
Does the job need to be paid?
Unpaid work can count if it is at least 20 hours a week and related to your degree, subject to school rules.
What is the difference between OPT and CPT?
CPT is part of your curriculum during studies. OPT is separate and usually used after graduation.
Official sources
General information, not legal advice. NorthAmericans.com is independent and not affiliated with any government.