EAD (Employment Authorization Document)
An EAD, or Employment Authorization Document, is a photo card (Form I-766) issued by USCIS that proves a noncitizen may work in the United States for a set period. You apply on Form I-765.
Who needs one
People whose status does not automatically allow work need an EAD. Common examples: green card applicants with a pending I-485, asylum applicants, students on OPT, some H-4 and L-2 spouses, and TPS holders.
H-1B, L-1, and O-1 workers do not need an EAD. Their status already allows work, but only for the sponsoring employer, so changing jobs usually needs a new petition.
Renewals: the automatic extension of expiring EADs ended for renewals filed on or after October 30, 2025, so file early to avoid a gap. See our EAD guide and Form I-765.
Frequently asked questions
How long does an EAD last?
It depends on the category. Many are valid for one to five years; the card shows the end date.
Is an EAD the same as a green card?
No. An EAD only allows work for a limited time. A green card is permanent residence.
Can I travel with an EAD?
Only if it is a combo card that also says it is valid for re-entry as advance parole.
Official sources
- USCIS: Employment Authorization Documentuscis.gov
- USCIS: Form I-765uscis.gov
General information, not legal advice. NorthAmericans.com is independent and not affiliated with any government.