Naturalization
Naturalization is the legal process by which a lawful permanent resident becomes a US citizen after meeting residence, character, English, and civics requirements. It is done by filing Form N-400 with USCIS.
Main requirements
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Hold a green card for 5 years, or 3 years if married to and living with a US citizen.
- Meet continuous residence and physical presence rules (at least 30 months in the US in the last 5 years, or 18 months in 3).
- Show good moral character.
- Pass the English and civics tests at your interview.
Approval ends with the oath of allegiance, when you become a citizen. See our naturalization guide and citizenship test guide. Canada and Mexico use their own processes; see carta de naturalización for Mexico.
Frequently asked questions
How early can I apply for naturalization?
Up to 90 days before you reach the 5-year (or 3-year) mark.
Is there an age exemption for the English test?
Yes. Some older, long-term residents can take the civics test in their own language.
Does naturalization give citizenship to my children?
Children under 18 who are green card holders living with you usually become citizens automatically.
Official sources
- USCIS: Form N-400uscis.gov
- USCIS: Citizenshipuscis.gov
General information, not legal advice. NorthAmericans.com is independent and not affiliated with any government.